Hajj is of 3 types
A) Hajj Qiraan This is the type of Hajj Rasul SAW performed. It is characterised by one doing Hajj after the Umraah 'without' coming of Ihraam after Umraah.
B ) Hajj Ifraad This is type of Hajj where one goes into state of Ihraam with intention of Hajj , without performing Umraah.
C) Hajj Tamatto (Literally Hajj with Pleasure - as one enjoys time off Ihraam ) This is type of Hajj where one performs Umraah and takes off Ihraam / goes out of state of Ihraam, until it is time for Hajj when state of Ihraam is again resumed with intention of Hajj.
Rasul SAW , though he did Hajj Qiraan, He is reported to have said that he would like to do Hajj Tamatto if Allah gave him another life - Subhaan Allah. Most of us who travel to Saudi Arabia perform Hajj Tamatto.
Q: What is difference between wearing Ihraam and going into state of Ihraam?
A: For men Ihraam constitutes two pieces of non-stitched cloths, sufficiently sized to cover their Auraah (from belly button down to knees) and their upper torso. For women their normal dress is their Ihraam which covers their Auraah (all body except face, hands, feet).
Wearing Ihraam does not necessarily mean going into The state of Ihraam. One goes into state of Ihraam after wearing Ihraam - and saying intention why Ihraam is worn. Intention is same for both Umraah and Hajj - which must be said aloud unlike most of other intentions which are said in heart.
Once intention is said, one goes into The state of Ihraam - and all restrictions of Ihraam apply now.
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Intention of going into State of Ihraam (for Umraah or Hajj)
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Q: What are restrictions while in the state of Ihraam (for both men and women)?
A: Below are restrictions - if any one or multiple are violated, fidyaah is necessary.
1) (Men & Women) Shaving/ trimming/ cutting/ plucking of hair
2) (Men & Women) Trimming/ cutting/ biting/ plucking of nails.
3) (Men only ) Wearing stitched / sewn/ body fitting cloths.
4) (Men only ) Covering head by anything.
5) (Men & Women) Applying/ spraying/ smelling with pleasure any perfume/ fragrance.
6) (Men & Women) Hunting any animal (Except for poisonous / obviously harmful ones).
7) (Men & Women) Proposing for marriage/ liaising for marriage/ hunting for spouse/ acting as agent for marriage/ and getting actually married.
8) (Men & Women) Touching/ kissing/ groping with intimacy/ foreplay.
9) (Men & Women) Sexual intercourse.
Q: What if I unintentionally do any of above?
A: Last three in list mentioned above are unlikely to be done without clear understanding/ knowledge of the act. So this is more or less applicable to first 6. If it is done by mistake/ forgetfulness and one immediately realises the mistake - then there is no fidyaah.
However; out of necessity one needs to do any of restricted act then fidyaah must be given. Examples are use of perfume if body odour is unbearable to those around, covering head if cold is unbearable, cutting / shaving hair if afflicted with skin/ scalp diseases (proven by a Hadith).
Q: What is fidyaah and can I combine it?
A: Fidyaah is compensation for missing or acting against ruling of any of Wajibaat (Obligatory acts).
Fidyaah is to be given for every act missed or done intentionally against the ruling. You cannot combine various fidyaahs into just one, all must be given separately.
Fidyaah can be any one of the following, without any specific order or preference - one can choose any without any issue.
1) Feed 6 people normal food within boundary of Haram - generally speaking, within Mecca.
2) Hadi / Qurbaani of one animal within boundary of Haram - generally speaking, within Mecca.
3) Fast for 3 days - these can be done after Hajj at your convenience but before next Hajj.
Q: Is Umraah Part of Hajj?
A: No. But it is recommended to combine Umraah with Hajj (in Hajj Tamatto).
Q: What if I miss to perform Umraah before Hajj? Will my Hajj be still valid?
A: Yes. As long as you do not miss any Arkaan (Pillars) of Hajj.
Q: What are Arkaan, Wajibaat and Sunhaah of Hajj?
A: Arkaan is plural of Rukn - these are Pillars or Mandatory acts of Hajj. If any is missed - there will be no Hajj and one has to do Hajj again.
There are 3 Arkaan of Hajj
1) Saying intention while going into The state of Ihraam
2) To spend time in the Arafaat after noon of 9th Zul Hajj
3) To do Tawaaf-az-Ziyarah (Also known as Tawaaf-al-Ifaadah, or Tawaaf-al-Hajj) and Saee.
Wajibaat is plural of Wajib, which are obligatory acts of Hajj. If any is missed it can be compensated by Fidyaah mentioned above.There are various Wajibaat of Hajj including below
1) Saying intention with spoken words while going into state of Ihram
2) To be at the Arafaat (called as Waqoof of Arafaat) from noon till Dusk on 9th Zul Hajj
3) To spend night of 10th Zul Hajj in Muzdalifah
4) To trim or shave off hair (Men ) , or to cut small hair lock (Women) after sacrifice of animal on 10th Zul Hajj
5) To stone small Jamrah on 10th Zul Hajj after Fajr. To stone all 3 Jamaraat on 11th and 12th Zul Hajj after Zawaal. To stone all 3 Jamaraat on 13th Zul Hajj if night of 13th Zul Hajj is spent in Mina (Qiyaam in Mina)
6) Spend night or part of night of 11th and 12th Zul Hajj in Mina (known as Qiyaam).
7) To do Tawaf-al-Wada (farewell Tawaaf - usually last act of worship in Masjid al Haraam)
Sunaahs - doing as Rasul SAW did in simple terms. But in the context here, these are the acts separate from Wajibaat and Arkaan that Rasul SAW did - missing them will do no harm nor invite any Fidayaah but doing them is recommended and rewarding.
Q: When to wear Ihraam for Umraah, where to wear it?
A: Ihraam is ideally worn from certain designated places called as 'Meeqats' dotted around Mecca and Madinah.
Going first to Mecca: Those who intend to travel first to Mecca with intention of Umraah or Hajj(in case of Ifraad)- they must go into state of Ihraam before reaching Meeqat closest to their landing destination. For example - those who are landing in Jeddah, Meeqaat Al-Juhfah is approximately 5-10 mins of air time. If you are traveling on a Muslim airlines it is almost certain their will be announcement made when plane is approximately over Meeqat. It is best to say intention while on or before Meeqat. If intention is not said before Meeqat, Fidyaah can be given.
After performing Umrah if one wishes to travel to outside Mecca (including Madinaah), they will not need to go into state of Ihraam before returning to Mecca. There is only one rare exception to this - which is if on return to Mecca they would straightway want to head to Mina on 8th Zul-Hajj without going to hotel or a place in Mecca they can wear and go into state of Ihraam.
Going first to Madinah , or Any other place except Mecca: Those traveling to Madinah first do not need to go into Ihraam at all before landing. Once they are ready to travel to Mecca with intention of Umraah they can go into state of Ihraam in the nearest Meeqat near Madinah - Zul-Hulaifah. Once Umraah is done, they can take off Ihraam if intention is for Hajj Tamatto. They can then freely travel in/out of Mecca until going into state of Ihraam for Hajj.
Q: Do I have to wear Ihraam while returning to Mecca even after I have done my Umraah?
A: No. One need not go into state of Ihraam just to return to Mecca after Umraah has been already done before they left Mecca originally. Given they will have time to return into state of Ihraam before Hajj on 8th Zul-Hajj - there is no need to do so before entering Mecca- it can very well be done at convenience of your accommodation in Mecca,
See approx map of Meeqat locations
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Locations of Meeqaats
(Credit with Thanks to: http://www.lepelerinage.com/cartes_arabie_saoudite.html)
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